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7.92×57mm Mauser
The 7.92×57mm Mauser (designated as the 8mm Mauser or 8×57mm by the SAAMI 〔(SAAMI 8mm MAUSER (7.92×57) cartridge and chamber drawings )〕 and 8 × 57 IS by the C.I.P.〔) is a rimless bottlenecked rifle cartridge. The 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge was adopted by the German Empire in 1905, and was the German service cartridge in both World Wars. In its day, the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge was one of the world’s most popular military cartridges. In the 21st century it is still a popular sport and hunting cartridge that is factory-produced in Europe and the United States.
==Development==
The parent cartridge on which the 7.92×57mm Mauser is based was adopted by Germany in 1888 as the ''Patrone 88'' (cartridge 88) or M/88 (along with the Gewehr 1888 service rifle). The M/88 cartridge was loaded with a relatively heavy round-nosed ball cartridge with a diameter of and was designed by the German ''Gewehr-Prüfungskommission'' (G.P.K.) (Rifle Testing Commission).〔(8×57mm IS cartridge portrait - Totgesagte leben länger, Wild und Hund 11/2006 )〕
German government driven efforts to improve the performance of the military M/88 ammunition and the service arms in which the M/88 was used resulted in the design by the ''Gewehr-Prüfungskommission'' and adaptation in 1905 of the dimensionally redesigned 7.92×57mm Mauser chambering. Besides the chambering, the bore (designated as "S-bore") was also dimensionally redesigned. The 1905 pattern 7.92×57mm Mauser ''S Patrone'' (S ball cartridge) was loaded with a lighter , pointed ''Spitzgeschoß'' (spitzer bullet) of diameter and more powerful double-base (based on nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin) smokeless powder. With the improved ballistic coefficient of the new spitzer bullet, the 1905 pattern cartridge had an improved maximum effective range and a flatter trajectory, and was therefore less critical of range estimation compared to the M/88 cartridge.〔(The 8 mm (7,92×57) Mauser Cartridge )〕
The rimless cartridge cases have been used as parent case for several other necked down and necked up cartridges and a rimmed variant.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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